BOTANICA SERBICA
Volume 45
Issue 2
2021

Diversification of yellow-flowered Sempervivum (Crassulaceae) species from the Balkan Peninsula: evidence from the morphometric study of the epidermal structures of rosette leaves
Maja JOVANOVIĆ, Dmitar LAKUŠIĆ, Branislava LAKUŠIĆ and Bojan ZLATKOVIĆ
Pages 163‒176
Full reference | Abstract | Full text PDF | Supplementary

ABSTRACT:  Several related yellow-flowered houseleek species which occur on the Balkan Peninsula are divided into two complexes: Sempervivum ciliosum (S. ciliosum, S. jakucsii, S. klepa, S. octopodes, and S. galicicum) and the S. ruthenicum complex (S. ruthenicum, S. leucanthum, S. kindingeri, and S. zeleborii). Due to strong phenotypic plasticity and a limited number of studies, it is difficult to assert at this point whether all the above species are well defined in the taxonomic sense. Detailed studies of the epidermal structures have not been conducted for any of the species in either complex. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of variability of the epidermal structures together with their potential usefulness for the taxonomic characterization of the species studied. A total of 18 quantitative characters of the epidermal structures of the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the rosette leaves were analysed within 16 populations. In all species, the epidermal cells are polygonal or irregularly shaped, with straight or sinuous anticlinal walls, while the rosette leaves are amphistomatic with anisocytic stomata. Simple biseriate multicellular glandular trichomes were found on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces and the margins of the rosette leaves. The results of the descriptive statistics, univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate statistical analysis (CDA, AHC) showed low to high variability in the epidermal cells, guard cells and trichomes. The multivariate analysis showed diversification among the complexes and species. The length of the marginal and apical trichomes of the rosette leaves contributed most to diversification.

KEY WORDS:  Sempervivum ciliosum complex, Sempervivum ruthenicum complex, epidermal cells, stomata, trichomes

The formation of integuments, megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in Dendrobium catenatum, with special discussions on embryo sac types and section techniques
Yong CHEN, Xiaofeng WANG, Li LIANG and Chengqi AO
Pages 177‒184
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ABSTRACT:  The formation of integuments, megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in Dendrobium catenatum, an economically important orchid, are observed. After pollination, mitotic cell divisions of the placental epidermis result in the formation of a branching system of outgrowths. The tip of each branch consists of an archesporial cell derived from the differentiation of the terminal subepidermal nucellar cell. It differentiates directly into a megasporocyte. The first division of the meiosis of the megasporocyte produces a dyad approximately equal in size, in which the micropylar cell promptly degenerates. The second meiotic division of the remaining dyad cell results in the formation of two megaspores of unequal size. The larger chalazal cell becomes functional and eventually develops into a mature megagametophyte. The development of the megagametophyte conforms to the Monosporic Polygonum type. The final arrangement of the mature embryo sac conforms to a sevencelled/ eight-nucleate structure. The mature ovule is bitegmic, tenuinucellate and has an anatropous orientation. In the present study, we also discuss the differences between three main types of embryo sac development and the improvement of section techniques.

KEY WORDS:  Iron-skin dendrobe, embryo sac, Monosporic Polygonum type, Orchidaceae, Technovit section technique

The effect of salicylic acid and calcium chloride on lipid peroxidation and the scavenging ability on radical of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) under salt stress
Kobra MAHDAVIAN
Pages 185‒194
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ABSTRACT:  Salinity exerts harmful morphological, physiological, and metabolic effects on plants. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA 0, 0.75 and 1.5 mM) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂ 0, 50 and 100 mM), singly or in combination, on different morphological and physiological characteristics of chickpeas exposed to salt stress (0, 25 and 75 mM NaCl). The results showed that the addition of SA or Ca alone improved plant behaviour in the presence of NaCl. Also, the shoot and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids decreased under salinity, while malondialdehyde (MDA), the inhibition of DPPH radical, anthocyanine, and proline increased. However, the use of SA and Ca combined increased the shoot and root length and the dry weight, ameliorated the chlorophyll, carotenoids, and reducing sugars, and significantly reduced MDA and the inhibition of DPPH radical in the plants. These studies imply that SA and Ca caused a tolerance to NaCl which may be related to the regulation of antioxidative responses. It may also be suggested that a concentration of 1.5 mM salicylic acid and a concentration of 100 mM calcium are the most suitable concentrations to improve the physiological parameters of chickpeas under salinity conditions. Hence, by regulating the antioxidant system, SA and Ca play this role.

KEY WORDS:  Stress, photosynthetic pigments, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, .proline, reducing sugars

Arabidopsis thaliana GTS1 transcripts are activated by yeast extract
Burcu ARIKAN, Aslı SEMERCІ, Ozgur CAKIR and Neslihan Turgut KARA
Pages 195‒201
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ABSTRACT: WD40 repeat-containing proteins participate in DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions and positively regulate plant stress responses. GTS1, known as a WD40 repeat-containing protein, works as a scaffold protein and is important in ribosome biogenesis and also biomass accumulation. In this study, we evaluated the GIGANTUS1 (GTS1) gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stress factors in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In addition, we grew and characterized A. thaliana gts1 mutant (T-DNA SALK_010647) in order to observe the effects of its absence on plants. According to our results, 100-200 mM abscisic acid (ABA) and 100-200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) treatment did not cause any changes in GTS1 gene expression, while only 6 h of 1 g/l and 2 g/l yeast extract (YE) treatment negatively affected GTS1 expression in 10-day-old plant explants. After 10 and 30 days of YE treatment, GTS1 gene expression was upregulated, and as a consequence plant growth efficiency was reduced. We thus concluded that through the downregulation of GTS1 transcripts, we could obtain better growth and/or higher biomass, which seems to be a good option for agricultural recruitments.

KEY WORDS:  GIGANTUS1, Arabidopsis thaliana, yeast extract, biotic stress, WD40 repeat

Traditional varieties and wild pear from Serbia: a link among antioxidant, antidiabetic and cytotoxic activities of fruit peel and flesh
Mariana OALĐE PAVLOVIĆ, Ana ALIMPIĆ ARADSKI, Aleksandra SAVIĆ, Smiljana JANKOVIĆ, Milena MILUTINOVIĆ, Petar D. MARIN and Sonja DULETIĆ-LAUŠEVIĆ
Pages 203‒213
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ABSTRACT:  This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of methanolic extracts of peel, flesh and mixed peel, and flesh, as well as the cytotoxic activity of mixed peel and flesh extracts obtained from fruits of six traditional pear varieties (Vidovača, Lubeničarka, Karamanka, Jeribasma, Lončara and Takiša), one commercial variety (Williams Bartlett) and a wild pear (Pyrus communis) from Serbia. The tested extracts showed strong antioxidant activity regarding the prevention of β-carotene bleaching and high α-glucosidase inhibition, and no significant cytotoxic potential, with the exception of the Williams Bartlett and Pyrus communis extracts. Overall, the most potent fruit part was shown to be the peel. The most active variety in all of the applied antioxidant and antidiabetic assays was Takiša, while the wild pear, P. communis, was the most effective in inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. In conclusion, several methanolic extracts of pear fruit are promising candidates for further studies regarding the prevention and treatment of pathological conditions associated with the effects of oxidative stress, such as diabetes and even colorectal cancer
KEY WORDS:  pear, extracts, antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity, cytotoxic activity

Phenolic profile and biological potential of wild blackberry (Rubus discolor) fruits
Ivona VELIČKOVIĆ, Željko ŽIŽAK, Nataša SIMIN, Kristina BEKVALAC, Marija IVANOV, Marina SOKOVIĆ, Petar D. MARIN and Slavica GRUJIĆ
Pages 215‒222
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ABSTRACT: The berries of Rubus discolor are considered a rich source of phytochemicals which could play an important role in the prevention of prevalent contemporary chronic diseases. Thus, the goal of the presented study was to determine the profile of phenolic acids and anthocyanins of aqueous and ethanol extracts of R. discolor fruit, and their free radical scavenging, antiproliferative, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities. LC-MS/MS analyses confirmed the presence of 11 phenolic acids with protocatechuic and gallic acids being the major compounds. Additionally, cyanidin- glucoside/galactoside was the most abundant among the five identified anthocyanins. The ethanol extract was more efficient in scavenging free radicals than the aqueous extract. The absence of antiproliferative activity was observed for both extracts. However, they inhibited carbohydrate hydrolysing digestive enzymes associated with type-2 diabetes. Furthermore, the obtained results for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ values 44.52 and 80.72 μg/mL, for the aqueous and ethanol extracts, respectively) indicate significantly higher activity than the positive control, GlucobayR (233.38 μg/mL). The ethanol extract was more effective against all of the examined bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae) than the aqueous extract. On the contrary, the aqueous extract showed better antifungal properties, particularly against Trihoderma viride and Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium. The quantified phenolics and presented bioactivities of R. discolor fruit extracts candidate them as a potential source of bioactive compounds which might be used in the food, pharmacy and cosmetic industries

KEY WORDS:  Rosaceae, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, antioxidant, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitory activity

Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Salvia virgata mericarps
Sevda GUZEL KARA, Mahmut ULGER and Ahmet KAHRAMAN
Pages 223‒231
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ABSTRACT: The phytochemical contents of Salvia virgata mericarps and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of its ethanol extract were studied for the first time. S. virgata mericarps were collected in the province of Trabzon, Turkey. Chemical analyses were performed using chromatographic methods. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant potential were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu, Al(NO₃)₃, and DPPH radical scavenging activity methods, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method for all the tested bacterial and fungal strains, with the exception of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for which the resazurin microtiter plate method was applied. The mericarps were rich in glutamic acid (3934 mg/100 g), potassium (12578.8 μg/g), calcium (12092.0 μg/g), and dietary fibers (35.565 g/100 g). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 2.50 μg GAE/mg extract and 0.34 μg QE/mg extract, respectively. The most effective DPPH free radical scavenging activity determined for the highest applied concentration was 92.44%. The ethanol extract obtained from the mericarps was found to be as effective as the reference drug ampicillin (MIC value = 125 μg/mL) against the nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. In conclusion, S. virgata mericarps provide good nutritional value with low amounts of carbohydrates and high dietary fibers, amino acids, minerals and total phenolic and flavonoid contents and medicinal properties.
KEY WORDS:  Salvia virgata, mericarps, proximate analysis, amino acid, mineral, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

The chemical composition, antimicrobial and antiradical properties of the essential oil of Achillea grandifolia aerial parts from Serbia
Milica M. DROBAC, Jelena M. KUKIĆ-MARKOVIĆ, Marina T. MILENKOVIĆ, Marjan S. NIKETIĆ and Silvana D. PETROVIĆ
Pages 233‒240
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ABSTRACT: Aromatic plants and essential oils have many applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the food industry. The essential oil of the flowering aerial parts of Achillea grandifolia, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed for its constituents and investigated for antimicrobial and radical scavenging activity. The essential oil was characterized by a high amount of oxygenated monoterpenes (72.7%) with 1,8-cineole (29.2%) and camphor (23.4%) being the most abundant. Sesquiterpenes were present in smaller quantities (4.8%). Antimicrobial activity was tested against eight ATCC bacterial strains and two ATCC strains of Candida albicans. The essential oil exhibited highly pronounced antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus with a MIC value of 3.50 μg/mL, as well as significant antimicrobial activity (<100 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis. Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant. Achillea grandifolia essential oil exhibited concentration-dependent antiradical activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical with an SC₅₀ value of 5.4 mg/mL. The TLC-DPPH assay revealed two main light yellow spots indicating components with anti-DPPH activity, which after isolation were identified as 1,8-cineole and camphor.
KEY WORDS:  Achillea grandifolia, essential oil, 1,8-cineole, camphor, antimicrobial activity, antiradical activity

Modelling the potential distribution and habitat suitability of the alien fungus Clathrus archeri in Romania
Ciprian BIRSAN, Constantin MARDARI, Ovidiu COPOŢ and Cătălin TĂNASE
Pages 241‒250
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ABSTRACT: Clathrus archeri is a saprophytic fungus native to the southern hemisphere which was introduced in Europe in the early twentieth century. Although it is naturalized in most regions of Central Europe, in Romania it is considered rather a rare species because it has been identified in only a few localities. Because of the rapid expansion of its range throughout Europe some authors assign this species an invasive potential. The objective of the paper was to identify both the potential distribution area and the potential suitable habitats for expansion in Romania and to highlight the environmental variables driving the probability of its occurrence. The maximum entropy model approach implemented in Maxent was used to model the species’ potential distribution. The results highlighted altitude, snow cover length, the mean temperature of the driest quarter, and precipitation in the coldest quarter as the most important predictors of species’ potential distribution in Romania. The map of the predicted distribution showed that the highest probability of occurrence for this species is in the mountainous and adjacent areas, while the map of habitat suitability confirmed that the best environmental conditions are in the Carpathians, while the most unfavourable are in the south-eastern regions of the country.
KEY WORDS:  abiotic factors, alien species, Clathrus archeri, winter climate, precipitation, suitable habitat

Ruderal vegetation in Serbia – diversity and floristic composition
Milena TABAŠEVIĆ, Dmitar LAKUŠIĆ, Nevena KUZMANOVIĆ, Snežana VUKOJIČIĆ, Milan GLIŠIĆ and Slobodan JOVANOVIĆ
Pages 251‒261
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ABSTRACT: This study represents the first data gathering and analysis of the floristic composition of ruderal vegetation in Serbia, published over the last 70 years. The dataset included 748 relevés of ruderal communities and a total of 716 plant species and subspecies. The study showed that the most abundant were widespread taxa, especially taxa of the Eurasian area type, while alien species accounted for a relatively small proportion of the ruderal flora (about 10%). Therophytes and hemicryptophytes were most abundant in the life form spectra. Five vegetation groups were identified, corresponding to the following vegetation classes: Bidentetea, Sisymbrietea, Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris, Artemisietea vulgaris and Polygono-Poetea annuae. The analysis of similarity showed that there are small floristic differences between particular vegetation groups. The determined diagnostic species for the vegetation groups were compared with those of the corresponding anthropogenic vegetation classes, and a high degree of similarity was found for all but one group. The most frequent taxa in all five groups were Polygonum aviculare, Convolvulus arvensis, Plantago major subsp. major and Chenopodium album. KEY WORDS:  synanthropic flora and vegetation, urban habitats, vegetation classes, ruderal species richness, alien species

On Bangia atropurpurea (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), the strictly protected red alga in Serbia
Aleksandra B. MITROVIĆ and Snežana B. SIMIĆ
Pages 263‒272
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ABSTRACT: The first observation of the red alga Bangia atropurpurea (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) in Serbia was in 1991 in the Trgoviški Timok River (Eastern Serbia). From 1991 to 2017, the species was sporadically observed at four more locations in three hillmountain rivers in Southwestern (the Gvozdačka River and the Raška River) and Eastern (the Nišava River - two localities) Serbia. More intensive research on this alga was carried out from 2017 to 2020, and a total of 220 localities in 132 hillmountain watercourses were studied. Bangia atropurpurea was recorded at six locations in Southwestern and Eastern Serbia. Five of these locations represent new B. atropurpurea localities in Serbia (the Brusnička River, the Golijska Moravica River, the Panjica River, the Resava River, and the second locality in the Trgoviški Timok River), while one of them is already known from previous studies (the Raška River). The species was found in running, moderately hard and very hard, well-oxygenated, slightly alkaline waters, mainly low in inorganic nutrients, and in highly variable values of temperature and conductivity. Despite the long period since its first observation in Serbian rivers, the species is still known in a small number of localities. The small number of localities, low relative abundance, and various anthropogenic influences affecting its habitats have led the species to be recognized as endangered and strictly protected in Serbia. The intensive development of small hydropower plants which have emerged in recent years may threaten B. atropurpurea habitats.
KEY WORDS:  freshwater algae, morphology, ecology, river, threat factors

New desmid records from two high mountain lakes in Çamlıhemşin/Rize (Turkey)
Bulent ŞAHIN
Pages 273‒284
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ABSTRACT: The benthic algal flora of Avusor Great Lake and Koçdüzü Great Lake in Rize was investigated on 21 August 2019. A total of 37 desmid taxa belonging to the genera Actinotaenium (2), Closterium (6), Cosmarium (12), Euastrum (4), Micrasterias (3), Penium (1), Staurastrum (8) and Staurodesmus (1) were assessed as new records for Turkey. In this paper, the morphotaxonomy, ecology, and distribution of each species is discussed in detail.
KEY WORDS:  high mountain lakes, desmids, new records, Avusor Great Lake, Koçdüzü Great Lake, Turkey

New records of Microbotryum (Microbotryaceae) from the Balkan Peninsula
Teodor T. DENCHEV, Boris ASSYOV and Cvetomir M. DENCHEV
Pages 285‒291
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ABSTRACT: Seven smut fungi belonging to the genus Microbotryum are reported for the first time from the following Balkan countries: M. heliospermatis, M. piperi, M. scabiosae, M. silenes-dioicae, and M. silenes-saxifragae from Bulgaria, M. reticulatum, M. silenes-saxifragae, and M. stygium from Greece, and M. silenes-saxifragae from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. The finding of M. piperi represents the first Balkan record of this smut fungus which, elsewhere in Europe, is only known from the French Pyrenees and the Italian Alps. The finding of M. stygium in Crete considerably extends its distribution in Europe. Rumex tuberosus subsp. creticus is reported as a new host for M. stygium.
KEY WORDS:  Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Crete, Croatia, Greece, smut fungi, Microbotryaceae

Lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. in Ukraine with the description of Zwackhiomyces khodosovtsevii sp. nov. and a key to the lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat.
Valerii V. DARMOSTUK
Pages 293‒301
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ABSTRACT: A revision of lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. in Ukraine is provided. As a result, 12 species of lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. are reported from Ukraine. Among them, Zwackhiomyces khodosovtsevii on Verrucaria cf. nigrescens is described as new to science and Lichenopeltella coppinsii on V. muralis, Stigmidium marinum on V. mucosa as well as S. rivulorum on V. dolosa, are newly reported to Ukraine. Ten species are reported from xerotic terrestrial habitats mainly from Southern Ukraine. Only Stigmidium marinum and S. rivulorum were found in a marine and freshwater habitat respectively. Toninia subfuscae should be removed from the Ukrainian list of lichenicolous fungi due to misidentification. Didymosphaeria geminella is considered as a new synonym for Polycoccum dzieduszyckii. A worldwide key for lichenicolous fungi on Verrucaria s. lat. is provided.
KEY WORDS:  biodiversity, new species, Lichenopeltella, Stigmidium, Zwackhiomyces

Noteworthy lichens recorded in the Balkan Peninsula
Margareta MARCINČINOVA, Michal GOGA, Helmut MAYRHOFER and Martin BAČKOR
Pages 303‒309
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ABSTRACT: Selected locations in four Balkan countries (Serbia, Albania, North Macedonia and Greece) were visited. One hundred and twenty one lichen species were recorded in fourteen locations. Cladonia cervicornis is reported new to Serbia, as well as Cladonia squamosa, Pertusaria leioplaca, Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla and Polycauliona polycarpa to Albania. One lichenicolous fungus Plectocarpon lichenum was recorded. A brief description of the new or interesting records of these species is also provided.
KEY WORDS:  biodiversity, lichenized fungi, Balkan, new species, Southeastern Europe, Ascomycetes

An insight into the ecology of Woodsia alpina newly recorded for the flora of the Balkan Peninsula
Vladimir RANĐELOVIĆ, Dragana JENAČKOVIĆ GOCIĆ, Jovana STOJANOVIĆ, Irena RACA, Danijela NIKOLIĆ and Marina JUŠKOVIĆ
Pages 311‒319
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ABSTRACT: The arctic-alpine species, Woodsia alpina (Woodsiaceae), was recorded on the Balkan Peninsula for the first time as a result of an intensive floristic and phytocoenological investigation of the rocky habitats located on the Stara Planina Mt. The record represents the first finding of this species and the family Woodsiaceae in general for the flora of Serbia. This new finding shifts the southern limit of its distribution in Southeastern Europe significantly. Five small subpopulations, consisting of a few up to dozens of specimens, were found above the forest belt, at an elevation range between 1671 and 1718 m a.s.l. They inhabit fissures in what are almost vertical rocks composed of Permian red sandstone with western exposition. Woodsia alpina shows affinities to semi-shaded places, which are moisturerich, slightly acidic and poor in nutrients. It grows alongside mosses, other ferns (Asplenium septentrionale, A. trichomanes, Asplenium × alternifolium, Cystopteris fragilis) and flowering plants. According to the results of the cluster analysis, the communities of W. alpina recorded in Serbia are clearly distinguished from those of this species in other European countries regarding their floristic composition. Hence, it is necessary to clarify the syntaxonomical rank of this association within the class Asplenietea trichomanis (Br.-Bl. in Meier et Br.-Bl. 1934) Oberd. 1977 and the Androsacetalia vandellii order Br.-Bl. in Meier et Br.-Bl. 1934 in future research. Applying Huisman-Olff-Fresco models on a dataset from the Balkans, it is revealed that W. alpina has narrow ecological valences regarding elevation, exposition and 19 bioclimatic parameters. On the other hand, according to the literature, it grows successfully in a wide range of elevations in Europe, as a result of its affinity to colder climates and the arctic-alpine type of distribution.
KEY WORDS:  fern, flora of Serbia, new record, Stara Planina Mountain, Woodsia alpina, Woodsiaceae

Noteworthy new floristic records from Greece
Panayiotis TRIGAS, Eleftherios KALPOUTZAKIS, Epaminondas KALOGIANNIS, Anna-Thalassini VALLI, Konstantinos KOUGIOUMOUTZIS, Konstantinos KATOPODIS and Theophanis CONSTANTINIDIS
Pages 321‒331
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ABSTRACT: This contribution to the Greek flora includes distribution extensions and taxonomic notes for some noteworthy plant taxa. New records for certain phytogeographical regions of Greece are presented for: Arum cylindraceum, Convolvulus pentapetaloides. Cruciata taurica, Galanthus reginae-olgae subsp. vernalis, Ilex aquifolium, Linum decumbens, Lythrum thymifolia, Sedum praesidis, Silene congesta and Trifolium diffusum. Allium karistanum, Helichrysum amorginum, Limonium antipaxorum and L. cephalonicum have been recorded for the first time on some islands. New populations of Allium maniaticum and A. ritsii, previously known only from their loci classici, were discovered in the Peloponnese. Valeriana alliariifolia, Silene auriculata subsp. auriculata and Symphytum creticum were rediscovered in central Evvia, confirming long-lost historical records from previous centuries. The presence of V. alliariifolia in Greece and Europe is confirmed for the first time since the 19th century.
KEY WORDS:  floristics, Greek flora, phytogeography, rediscovery

Chromosome number and meiotic behavior in several plant taxa from Iran
Seyed Mahmood GHAFFARI, Abbas GHAMARI ZARE, Fereshteh ASADI COROM and Masoureh SEDAGHATI
Pages 333‒339
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ABSTRACT: Original meiotic or both meiotic and mitotic chromosome numbers are reported for ten endemic and one non endemic species in nine vascular plant families from Iran. The chromosome numbers of Acantholimon schahrudicum, A. truncatum, Anthochlamys multinervis, Campanula perpusilla, Cousinia calcitrapa var. interrupta, Dorema ammoniacum, Euphorbia gedrosiaca, and Hyocyamus orthocarpus were determined for the first time. The chromosome counts for Astrodaucus persicus and Hedysarum criniferum agree with previous ones. The gametic chromosome numbers for Hedysarum criniferum and Allium stipitatum are reported here for the first time. The occurrence of accessory chromosomes are also reported for Acantholimon schahrudicum and Dorema ammoniacum, being the first records of B chromosomes in the genera Acantholimon and Dorema.
KEY WORDS:  karyology, B chromosome, mitosis, meiosis, endemic plants

Nomenclatural questions on the hybrids between Verbascum chaixii s.l. and V. lanatum
Karel SUTORÝ
Pages 341‒345
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ABSTRACT: A study of the names used for the hybrids described between Verbascum chaixii (subsp. chaixii, subsp. austriacum) and V. lanatum is presented. On the basis of the historical background of these names and the examination of specimens, the neotypification of Borbas’ V. semilanatum (V. chaixii subsp. austriacum × V. lanatum) is proposed on a specimen preserved at GB. A new nothospecies (V. tommasinianum Sutory) is proposed for the hybrid between V. chaixii subsp. chaixii and V. lanatum (holotype at BRNM, isotypes at WU and COI).
KEY WORDS:  Croatia, hybridization, Verbascum conrathii, V. semilanatum, V. tommasinianum, neotypification, nothospecies

Lectotypification of the name Chamaemelum heterolepis, the basionym of Tripleurospermum heterolepis and taxonomic notes on T. tempskyanum (Asteraceae)
Huseyin INCEER
Pages 347‒352
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ABSTRACT: Tripleurospermum heterolepis (≡ Chamaemelum heterolepis), whose specimens are referred to as syntypes, is a narrow Turkish endemic species assessed as Critically Endangered according to the IUCN categories. Tripleurospermum tempskyanum (≡ Chamaemelum tempskyanum) is known as endemic to Greece, but is also distributed in Turkey. In this study, the name C. heterolepis is lectotypified on a specimen deposited at LD. Additionally, a description of T. tempskyanum in the Turkish flora is presented, and its conservation status is indicated. The diagnostic morphological characters which distinguish T. tempskyanum from its close relatives are discussed.
KEY WORDS:  Compositae, conservation, nomenclature, typification

New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 5
Marko S. SABOVLJEVIĆ, Gordana TOMOVIĆ, Predrag LAZAREVIĆ, Verica STOJANOVIĆ, Simona STRGULC KRAJŠEK, Dijana KOSIČ, Lado KUTNAR, Janez KERMAVNAR, Petya BOYCHEVA, Galina YANEVA, Dobri IVANOV, Snežana VUKOJIČIĆ, Sanja Z. DJUROVIĆ, Uroš BUZUROVIĆ, Marjan NIKETIĆ, Boris ASSYOV and Sorin ȘTEFĂNUȚ
Pages 353‒360
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ABSTRACT: This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: saprotrophic fungi Psathyrella typhae, Stropharia halophila, mosses Bryum klingraeffii and Buxbaumia viridis, liverwort Scapania gymnostomophila, fern Matteucia struthiopteris, monocots Galanthus nivalis, Listera ovata, and Ophrys apifera, and dicots Astragalus dasyanthus and Paeonia officinalis subsp. banatica.
KEY WORDS:  new report, Astragalus dasyanthus, Buxbaumia viridis, Bryum klingraeffii, Galanthus nivalis, Listera ovata, Matteuccia struthiopteris, Ophrys apifera, Paeonia officinalis subsp. banatica, Psathyrella typhae, Scapania gymnostomophila, Stropharia halophila, SE Europe

New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 6
Gordana TOMOVIĆ, Marko S. SABOVLJEVIĆ, Ermin MAŠIĆ, Slađana S. POPOVIĆ, Aleksandra MARKOVIĆ, Ivana TRBOJEVIĆ, Jovana PANTOVIĆ, Karel SUTORÝ, Marjan NIKETIĆ, Petya BOYCHEVA, Dobri IVANOV, Alma HAJRUDINOVIĆ-BOGUNIĆ, Ante BEGIĆ, Boris ASSYOV, Gabriela TAMAS, Constantin-Ciprian BIRSAN and Sorin ȘTEFĂNUȚ
Pages 361‒368
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ABSTRACT: This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: cyanobacteria Anagnostidinema amphibium, mycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma frondosae, stonewort Chara connivens, mosses Dicranum polysetum and Ulota intermedia, and dicots Eclipta prostrata, Paeonia daurica subsp. daurica, Ruta graveolens and Sorbus bosniaca.
KEY WORDS:  ew report, Anagnostidinema amphibium, Chara connivens, Dicranum polysetum, Eclipta prostrata, Paeonia daurica subsp. daurica, Ruta graveolens, Sorbus bosniaca, Tricholoma frondosae, Ulota intermedia, SE Europe